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Vol. 5 No. 2 (2026): Les neurosciences de l'éducation : Soutenir les jeunes cerveaux à l'ère de l'incertitude

MÉDITATION DE PLEINE CONSCIENCE IMMERSIVE ET NON IMMERSIVE : Efficacité comparative d'une séance de méditation en réalité virtuelle et en format audiovisuel sur l'affect positif, la pleine conscience et l'activation sympathique chez des adultes sains

  • Karin Nicole Rauseo
DOI
https://doi.org/10.26034/cortica.2026.11661
Soumise
octobre 5, 2026
Publié-e
2026-10-09

Résumé

Contexte : Les pratiques de méditation de pleine conscience (MPC) ont démontré des bénéfices consolidés sur le bien-être émotionnel et la régulation physiologique. Dans ce contexte, la réalité virtuelle (RV) émerge comme un outil innovant susceptible de renforcer ces effets grâce à ses propriétés immersives favorisant l’engagement attentionnel et la présence dans le moment présent. Toutefois, la supériorité de la MPC en RV par rapport aux modalités non immersives reste à confirmer, notamment en ce qui concerne la modulation de l'affect positif, de l'état de pleine conscience et de l'activation sympathique.

Méthodes : 94 adultes sains ont été assignés aléatoirement à deux conditions : méditation de pleine conscience audio-guidée en RV (n = 45) ou sur écran (n = 49). L’affect positif (PANAS), l’état de pleine conscience (SMS) et l’activation sympathique (EDA) ont été mesurés avant et après une séance de méditation de dix minutes. Une analyse de modération a examiné si la modalité de méditation modérait la relation entre l’activation sympathique initiale et l’état de pleine conscience post-méditation. Le rôle de la familiarité avec la RV a également été exploré. 

Résultats : Une seule séance de méditation a entraîné une augmentation significative de l'état de pleine conscience dans les deux conditions, ainsi qu'une réduction de l'activation sympathique. La diminution observée de l'affect positif global reflète vraisemblablement un biais de mesure du PANAS : la sélection de ses items, centrée sur l'affect positif à haute activation, notamment des états tels que l’enthousiasme et l’excitation, introduit une déviation systématique dans un contexte méditatif, où sont précisément induits des états à basse activation, tels que l’équanimité et le calme. L'analyse des items individuels révèle en effet une réduction de certains affects à haute activation et une augmentation des certains affects autoréférentiels positifs. Aucune supériorité de la RV n'a été observée pour l'une ou l'autre des variables. La réduction de l'activation sympathique s'est avérée plus marquée dans la condition sur écran. Ni la modalité de méditation ne modère la relation entre activation sympathique et pleine conscience, ni la familiarité avec la RV n'amplifie les effets de la pratique.

Conclusions : Ces résultats suggèrent que les bénéfices d'une séance de MPC sur la pleine conscience, l’affect positif et la régulation physiologique relèvent principalement de la pratique méditative ellemême, indépendamment du support technologique. La modalité sur écran s'avère aussi efficace que la RV, voire plus efficace pour la réduction de l'activation sympathique, ce qui constitue un avantage applicatif notable en termes d'accessibilité. Les recherches futures devraient clarifier les conditions dans lesquelles la RV peut offrir un avantage spécifique, en tenant compte des facteurs individuels, de la durée des interventions et des limites inhérentes aux dispositifs immersifs.

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