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Cortica

Articles

Vol. 5 No. 2 (2026): Educationl neurosciences : Supporting young minds in the era of uncertainty

MÉDITATION GUIDÉE IMMERSIVE EN RÉALITÉ VIRTUELLE ET RÉGULATION ÉMOTIONNELLE : Étude des variations de l’anxiété, de la variabilité cardiaque et de la réponse à la récompense

  • Annalisa Massa Boccia
DOI
https://doi.org/10.26034/cortica.2026.11663
Submitted
October 5, 2026
Published
2026-10-09

Abstract

Guided meditation in virtual reality (VR) holds promise for reducing anxiety and stress by engaging interoception, focused attention, and autonomic regulation. However, it remains to be determined whether VR outperforms a standard video modality on subjective (state anxiety) and physiological (phasic electrodermal activity, EDA) indicators, and through which mechanisms (e.g., mediation by state mindfulness; moderation by baseline autonomic profile). In this experimental study, we compared the effects of a single session of guided meditation delivered in VR versus video format on (a) state anxiety (STAI-Y), (b) physiological stress (phasic EDA), and (c) performance on a reward task (accuracy). We also examined (d) mediation by state mindfulness and (e) moderation by baseline heart rate variability (HRV) and trait anxiety. The design included one between-subjects factor (Group: VR vs. video) and within-subjects factors (Time/Phase), with primary analyses conducted using mixed ANOVAs (Group × Time/Phase), bootstrapped mediation (5,000 replications), and interaction models for moderation (centered variables). Results revealed a robust main effect of Time (F(1, 93)=78.21, p<.001), indicating a global reduction in anxiety/stress from pre- to postsession. However, neither the Group effect (F(1, 93)=0.48, p>.05) nor the Group × Time interaction (F(1, 93)=0.77, p>.05) were significant, suggesting that the observed improvement is general rather than modality-specific. Mediation coefficients for state mindfulness were weak and non-robust (b=−0.103 and b=0.31, with confidence intervals including zero), indicating no reliable mediating effect. Within the session, phasic EDA decreased significantly across phases (F(3, 312)=13.07, p<.001), and performance (accuracy) showed a non-significant trend toward improvement, with no clear modality advantage—consistent with a progressive autonomic deactivation linked to the guided induction. No robust moderation effects were found for HRV or baseline anxiety (nonsignificant interactions, small effect sizes). In conclusion, this study demonstrates pre– post improvements in anxiety and physiological stress regardless of the delivery modality. No clear superiority of VR over video was found, and neither state mindfulness nor baseline physiological markers emerged as significant explanatory mechanisms. These findings support the general effectiveness of brief guided inductions and underscore the need for preregistered studies with active control conditions, measures of presence and cybersickness, respiratory control (HRV), and larger sample sizes to further evaluate the specific potential of immersive VR interventions

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