Vol. 1 No. 2 (2022): Cortica II : Remue-méninges de la santé mentale
Articles

Quel profil pour les hospitalisations non volontaires en psychiatrie ?

PDF
  • Oana Diringer
DOI : https://doi.org/10.26034/cortica.2022.3135

Publié-e 2022-09-20

Mots-clés

  • psychiatrie,
  • hospitalisations,
  • non-volontaire,
  • patient,
  • psychiatre,
  • hôpital,
  • schizophrénie,
  • toxicomanie
    • ...Plus
    Moins

(c) Tous droits réservés Oana Diringer 2022

Licence Creative Commons

Cette œuvre est sous licence Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International.

Résumé

La psychiatrie a une place à part parmi les spécialités médicales concernant les hospitalisations contre la volonté du patient.  Jusqu’en 2012 il s’agissait de privation de liberté à de fin d’assistance. A partir du 1.01.2013 un nouveau Code Civil a été adopté en Suisse. Les articles 426 à 429 mettent en place le placement à des fins d’assistance (PAFA), une mesure de protection pour la personne. Notre étude rétrospective du 2014-2016 a comme objectives (1) d’amener des connaissances de certains paramètres expliquant les hospitalisations non volontaires ; (2) de répondre à la question : Pouvons-nous considérer ce type d’hospitalisation comme une expérience clinique ? Les résultats principaux démontrent : Deux facteurs étaient significatifs à un niveau de valeur p ≤ 0,05 : (a) Vivre dans un établissement d'accueil (foyer), augmente la probabilité d'avoir un PAFA (p = 0,04) ; (b) Le fait d'être diagnostiqué comme ayant des troubles psychotiques, liés à des substances psychoactives augmente la probabilité d'avoir du PAFA (p = 0,01). Trois facteurs supplémentaires sont significatifs : être un homme (p = 0,0655) et vivre seul (p = 0,05) augmente la probabilité d'avoir un PAFA, cependant la variable âge (p = 0,03) diminue la probabilité d'avoir un PAFA (ce qui signifie que plus vous êtes âgé, plus la probabilité d'avoir un PAFA est faible). Les hospitalisations sous contrainte trouvent une place d'exception dans le champ médical de la psychiatrie. Et pourtant ne sont pas une fatalité. Les implications éthiques, légaux, cliniques qui sont lies aux hospitalisations non volontaires amènent une lumière particulière à ce type de prise en charge psychiatrique.

 

PDF

Références

  1. Allaz, A. F., & Ferrero, F. (2010). Patient-centered curricula at the University of Geneva: opening the door to psychotherapy training. Int J Integr Care, 10 Suppl, e015. https://doi.org/10.5334/ijic.485
  2. Almeida, T., & Molodynski, A. (2016). Compulsory admission and involuntary treatment in Portugal. BJPsych Int, 13(1), 17-19. https://doi.org/10.1192/s2056474000000933
  3. Bonsack, C., & Borgeat, F. (2005). Perceived coercion and need for hospitalization related to psychiatric admission. Int J Law Psychiatry, 28(4), 342-347. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijlp.2005.03.008
  4. Brophy, L., Roper, C., & Grant, K. (2019). Risk factors for involuntary psychiatric hospitalisation. Lancet Psychiatry, 6(12), 974-975. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(19)30442-0
  5. Chieze, M., Hurst, S., Sentissi, O. (2018). Contrainte en psychiatrie: État des lieux des preuves d’efficacité. Swiss Archives of Neurology, Psychiatry and Psychotherapy 169(4), 104-113. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.4414/sanp.2018.00573
  6. Ey, H., Bernard, P., & Brisset, C. (1974). Manuel de psychiatrie (4. éd. entièrement remaniée. ed.). Masson.
  7. Eytan, A., Chatton, A., Safran, E., & Khazaal, Y. (2013). Impact of psychiatrists' qualifications on the rate of compulsory admissions. Psychiatr Q, 84(1), 73-80. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11126-012-9228-0
  8. Gandre, C., Gervaix, J., Thillard, J., Mace, J. M., Roelandt, J. L., & Chevreul, K. (2017). Involuntary Psychiatric Admissions and Development of Psychiatric Services as an Alternative to Full-Time Hospitalization in France. Psychiatric Services, 68(9), 923-930. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ps.201600453
  9. Gravier, B., Eytan, A. . (2011). Enjeux éthiques de la psychiatrie sous contrainte. Revue Médicale Suisse, 7, 1806-1811.
  10. Guibet-Lafaye, C. (2014). Au cœur du débat sur les soins sans consentement en ambulatoire. L'information psychiatrique, 90, 575-582. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3917/inpsy.9007.0575
  11. Hatam, S., Kardes, A., Pro Mente Sana,, & Pro Mente Sana. Association romande. (2014). Maladies psychiques : petit guide juridique à l'usage des proches en Suisse romande. REISO. http://www.promentesana.org/upload/application/344-pmsmaladiespsychiquesmhfinal.pdf
  12. http://www.promentesana.org/upload/application/212-petitguidejuridiquelusagedesproches.pdf
  13. Horn, M., Plisson, G., Amad, A., Vaiva, G., Thomas, P., Bubrovszky, M., & Fovet, T. (2022). [Involuntary psychiatric care for incarcerated people: a descriptive study of 73 consecutive judge-ordered discharges from psychiatric hospitalisation in France]. Encephale, 48(4), 480-483. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.encep.2021.04.012 (Soins psychiatriques sans consentement pour les personnes detenues : une etude descriptive de 73 mainlevees consecutives en unite hospitaliere specialement amenagee.)
  14. Hotzy, F., Cattapan, K., Orosz, A., Dietrich, B., Steinegger, B., Jaeger, M., Theodoridou, A., & Bridler, R. (2020). Psychiatric advance directives in Switzerland: Knowledge and attitudes in patients compared to professionals and usage in clinical practice. Int J Law Psychiatry, 68, 101514. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijlp.2019.101514
  15. Hotzy, F., Hengartner, M. P., Hoff, P., Jaeger, M., & Theodoridou, A. (2019). Clinical and socio-demographic characteristics associated with involuntary admissions in Switzerland between 2008 and 2016: An observational cohort study before and after implementation of the new legislation. Eur Psychiatry, 59, 70-76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2019.04.004
  16. Hotzy, F., Jaeger, M., Buehler, E., Moetteli, S., Klein, G., Beeri, S., & Reisch, T. (2019). Attitudinal variance among patients, next of kin and health care professionals towards the use of containment measures in three psychiatric hospitals in Switzerland. BMC Psychiatry, 19(1), 128. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-019-2092-9
  17. Hotzy, F., Kerner, J., Maatz, A., Jaeger, M., & Schneeberger, A. R. (2018). Cross-Cultural Notions of Risk and Liberty: A Comparison of Involuntary Psychiatric Hospitalization and Outpatient Treatment in New York, United States and Zurich, Switzerland. Front Psychiatry, 9, 267. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00267
  18. Hotzy, F., Marty, S., Moetteli, S., Theodoridou, A., Hoff, P., & Jaeger, M. (2019a). Involuntary admission for psychiatric treatment: Compliance with the law and legal considerations in referring physicians with different professional backgrounds. Int J Law Psychiatry, 64, 142-149. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijlp.2019.03.005
  19. Hotzy, F., Marty, S., Moetteli, S., Theodoridou, A., Hoff, P., & Jaeger, M. (2019b). Involuntary admission of psychiatric patients: Referring physicians' perceptions of competence. Int J Soc Psychiatry, 65(7-8), 580-588. https://doi.org/10.1177/0020764019866226
  20. Jacobsen, T. B. (2012). Involuntary treatment in Europe: different countries, different practices. Curr Opin Psychiatry, 25(4), 307-310. https://doi.org/10.1097/YCO.0b013e32835462e3
  21. Kallert, T. W., Glockner, M., & Schutzwohl, M. (2008). Involuntary vs. voluntary hospital admission. A systematic literature review on outcome diversity. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci, 258(4), 195-209. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00406-007-0777-4
  22. Katsakou, C., & Priebe, S. (2006). Outcomes of involuntary hospital admission--a review. Acta Psychiatr Scand, 114(4), 232-241. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0447.2006.00823.x
  23. Katsakou, C., Rose, D., Amos, T., Bowers, L., McCabe, R., Oliver, D., Wykes, T., & Priebe, S. (2012). Psychiatric patients' views on why their involuntary hospitalisation was right or wrong: a qualitative study. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol, 47(7), 1169-1179. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-011-0427-z
  24. Keown, P., McBride, O., Twigg, L., Crepaz-Keay, D., Cyhlarova, E., Parsons, H., Scott, J., Bhui, K., & Weich, S. (2016). Rates of voluntary and compulsory psychiatric in-patient treatment in England: an ecological study investigating associations with deprivation and demographics. Br J Psychiatry, 209(2), 157-161. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.115.171009
  25. Keown, P., Mercer, G., & Scott, J. (2008). Retrospective analysis of hospital episode statistics, involuntary admissions under the Mental Health Act 1983, and number of psychiatric beds in England 1996-2006. BMJ, 337, a1837. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.a1837
  26. Khazaal, Y., Bonsack, C., & Borgeat, F. (2005). [Coercion in psychiatry: current knowledge and perspectives]. Rev Med Suisse, 1(7), 515-518. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15790020 (La contrainte en psychiatrie: actualites et perspectives.)
  27. Khazaal, Y., Bonsack, C., Borgeat, F. . (2005). La contrainte en psychiatrie : actualités et perspectives.
  28. Kieber-Ospelt, I., Theodoridou, A., Hoff, P., Kawohl, W., Seifritz, E., & Jaeger, M. (2016). Quality criteria of involuntary psychiatric admissions - before and after the revision of the civil code in Switzerland. BMC Psychiatry, 16, 291. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-016-0998-z
  29. Labouret, O. (2012). Le nouvel ordre psychiatrique : Guerre économique et guerre psychologique. érès.
  30. Laengle, G., Durr, F., Renner, G., Guenthner, A., & Foerster, K. (2000). What is the benefit of involuntary short-term psychiatric hospitalisation? Med Law, 19(1), 73-85. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10876303
  31. Lay, B., Nordt, C., & Rossler, W. (2011). Variation in use of coercive measures in psychiatric hospitals. Eur Psychiatry, 26(4), 244-251. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2010.11.007
  32. Lorant, V., Depuydt, C., Gillain, B., Guillet, A., & Dubois, V. (2007). Involuntary commitment in psychiatric care: what drives the decision? Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol, 42(5), 360-365. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-007-0175-2
  33. Luciano, M., De Rosa, C., Sampogna, G., Del Vecchio, V., Giallonardo, V., Fabrazzo, M., Catapano, F., Onchev, G., Raboch, J., Mastrogianni, A., Solomon, Z., Dembinskas, A., Nawka, P., Kiejna, A., Torres-Gonzales, F., Kjellin, L., Kallert, T., & Fiorillo, A. (2018). How to improve clinical practice on forced medication in psychiatric practice: Suggestions from the EUNOMIA European multicentre study. Eur Psychiatry, 54, 35-40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2018.07.002
  34. Maina, G., Rosso, G., Carezana, C., Mehanovic, E., Risso, F., Villari, V., Gariglio, L., & Cardano, M. (2021). Factors associated with involuntary admissions: a register-based cross-sectional multicenter study. Ann Gen Psychiatry, 20(1), 3. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12991-020-00323-1
  35. Marty, S., Jaeger, M., Moetteli, S., Theodoridou, A., Seifritz, E., & Hotzy, F. (2018). Characteristics of Psychiatric Emergency Situations and the Decision-Making Process Leading to Involuntary Admission. Front Psychiatry, 9, 760. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00760
  36. Matthiasson, P. (2017 ). Moins de soins sous contrainte : l’expérience islandaise. . L'information psychiatrique 93, 558-562. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1684/ipe.2017.1671
  37. McGuinness, D., Murphy, K., Bainbridge, E., Brosnan, L., Keys, M., Felzmann, H., Hallahan, B., McDonald, C., & Higgins, A. (2018). Individuals' experiences of involuntary admissions and preserving control: qualitative study. BJPsych Open, 4(6), 501-509. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjo.2018.59
  38. Moreau, D. (2017). Limiter la contrainte ? Usages et régulation des usages de la contrainte psychiatrique en Suisse. L'information psychiatrique, 93, 551-557. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1684/ipe.2017.1670
  39. Niveau, G. Les hospitalisations psychiatriques : l'admission et l'hospitalisation non volontaire.
  40. Pauchard, J.-P. Privation de liberté à des fins d'assistance : hospitalisation non volontaire de patients psychiques.
  41. Pignon, B., Rolland, B., Tebeka, S., Zouitina-Lietaert, N., Cottencin, O., & Vaiva, G. (2014). Clinical criteria of involuntary psychiatric treatment: A literature review and a synthesis of recommendations. Presse Medicale, 43(11), 1195-1205. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lpm.2014.02.032
  42. Salize, H. J., & Dressing, H. (2004). Epidemiology of involuntary placement of mentally ill people across the European Union. British Journal of Psychiatry, 184, 163-168. https://doi.org/DOI 10.1192/bjp.184.2.163
  43. Schuler, D. (2016). La santé psychique en Suisse : monitorage 2016.
  44. Silva, B., Golay, P., & Morandi, S. (2018). Factors associated with involuntary hospitalisation for psychiatric patients in Switzerland: a retrospective study. BMC Psychiatry, 18(1), 401. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-018-1966-6
  45. Spence, N. D., Goldney, R. D., & Costain, W. F. (1988). Attitudes towards psychiatric hospitalisation: a comparison of involuntary and voluntary patients. Aust Clin Rev, 8(30), 108-116. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3228391
  46. Steinert, T., Noorthoorn, E. O., & Mulder, C. L. (2014). The use of coercive interventions in mental health care in Germany and the Netherlands. A comparison of the developments in two neighboring countries. Front Public Health, 2, 141. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2014.00141
  47. Suisse. -. Code civil suisse : du 10 décembre 1907.
  48. Walker, S., Barnett, P., Srinivasan, R., Abrol, E., & Johnson, S. (2021). Clinical and social factors associated with involuntary psychiatric hospitalisation in children and adolescents: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and narrative synthesis. Lancet Child Adolesc Health, 5(7), 501-512. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2352-4642(21)00089-4
  49. Walker, S., Mackay, E., Barnett, P., Sheridan Rains, L., Leverton, M., Dalton-Locke, C., Trevillion, K., Lloyd-Evans, B., & Johnson, S. (2019). Clinical and social factors associated with increased risk for involuntary psychiatric hospitalisation: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and narrative synthesis. Lancet Psychiatry, 6(12), 1039-1053. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(19)30406-7
  50. Wheeler, A., Robinson, E., & Robinson, G. (2005). Admissions to acute psychiatric inpatient services in Auckland, New Zealand: a demographic and diagnostic review. N Z Med J, 118(1226), U1752. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16311610
  51. Wierdsma, A. I., Poodt, H. D., & Mulder, C. L. (2007). Effects of community-care networks on psychiatric emergency contacts, hospitalisation and involuntary admission. J Epidemiol Community Health, 61(7), 613-618. https://doi.org/10.1136/jech.2005.044974
  52. World Health, O. The ICD-10 Classification of mental and behavioural disorders: clinical descriptions and diagnostic guidelines: sections F20-F29.
  53. World Health, O. (1992). The ICD-10 classification of mental health and behavioural disorders : clinical descriptions and diagnostic guidelines. World Health Organization.
  54. Wynn, R. (2018). Involuntary admission in Norwegian adult psychiatric hospitals: a systematic review. International Journal of Mental Health Systems, 12. https://doi.org/ARTN 1010.1186/s13033-018-0189-z
  55. Xu, Z., Lay, B., Oexle, N., Drack, T., Bleiker, M., Lengler, S., Blank, C., Muller, M., Mayer, B., Rossler, W., & Rusch, N. (2019). Involuntary psychiatric hospitalisation, stigma stress and recovery: a 2-year study. Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci, 28(4), 458-465. https://doi.org/10.1017/S2045796018000021
  56. Zinkler, M., & Priebe, S. (2002). Detention of the mentally ill in Europe - a review. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 106(1), 3-8. https://doi.org/DOI 10.1034/j.1600-0447.2002.02268.x