Articles
Vol. 1 No. 2 (2022): Cortica II : Remue-méninges de la santé mentale
Estimation du rythme circadien tout au long de la petite enfance : développement de la stabilité intra- et interquotidienne et amplitude relative
Résumé
Le lien entre qualité, durée et rythmicité du sommeil chez les enfants et maturation du cerveau a été plusieurs fois relevé. Il existe cependant un manque de consensus concernant les variables et la méthodologie utilisées pour différentes tranches d’âge. Nous avons conduit une étude longitudinale avec 136 enfants en bonne santé, âgés de 3, 6 et 12 mois, dans le but de refléter la maturation du rythme de veille-sommeil. Nous avons estimé la rythmicité circadienne avec des données actimétriques (Intradaily Variability, Interdaily Stability, Relative Amplitude et Circadian Function Index). Les résultats confirment des effets significatifs pour tous les âges. L’Intradaily Variability diminue avec l’âge, reflétant un sommeil continuellement moins fragmenté et moins de transitions veille—sommeil. L’Interdaily Stability et la Relative Amplitude augmentent avec l’âge, confirmant une synchronisation graduelle avec le cycle jour-nuit. Plus globalement, le Circadian Function Index regroupant ces trois variables et nous informant quant à la maturation du rythme veille-sommeil, a révélé que le rythme circadien s’améliore entre 3 et 12 mois. Ces résultats soulignent l’évolution du sommeil durant la première année de vie et offrent de nouvelles données normatives pour le rythme de veille-sommeil. Ces données pourront être utilisées pour détecter des développements anormaux du sommeil et ainsi permettre une intervention pour améliorer le développement.
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